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La corruption
Related to country: Togo

Translations available in: French (original) | Spanish | Italian | German | Portuguese | English | Swedish | Russian | Dutch | Arabic

Corruption
Automatically translated into English thanks to WorldLingo

Is the corruption L? one of the thorniest problems encountered by many countries. Also, it became object of public discussion after having been a subject taboo. Regarded as a fact of company, it touches the policy, the company, justice?. And L? economy. From does this point of view, of what consist the corruption and how to perceive it? Where does it appear and in which forms? Which are the measures to be taken to fight it lorsqu? it is presented after L? identification of the run risks? Are such the various components which will make L? object of this test.

Section I: how the corruption affect does our life?
I. Definition of the Apparemment
corruption the corruption is an old phenomenon like the world; nowadays, the advisabilities of practising it multiplied on all the plans, in particular on the public level. It is held between two or several people as well public sector as private: agents of L? State, of L? administration or of any other public institution (civil servant, employed D? public company, elected etc ?.) or any function/profession which confers on an individual a responsibility or a public authority. Is corrupted, that which benefits from this function for S? to enrich beyond its legitimate remuneration. Its partner in the corrupted transaction (called also corrupting) benefits also indirectly from this position. However, if each one D? they carries out a profit on the basis D? an illegal or contrary action with morals and good citizenship, the corrupted is that which misuses the public property. Admittedly, the corruption could be defined as “L? abuse public positions to fine D? personal enrichment” KAUFMANN
However, why corruption and qu? be-it-which pushes a person to corrupt her next? This leads us to determine the causes or the origins of the corruption.
II. Do the causes of the corruption
They differ D? a country with another C? be-with-statement qu? they depend on the development of each country.
A. On the socio-policy plan
One notes:
? Low income of the populations due to a low standard of living
? Not payment or irregularity of the wages
? Capacity D drops? purchase
? Poverty or insufficiency of wages
? Cupidity of the citizens
? Easy lure of gain due to L? insufficient remuneration of the civil servant

B. On the psycho-morals plan
One notes:
? Degradation of the values morals
? Falls of patriotism and good citizenship
? Disproportionate ambition leading to L? absence of social conscience

C. On the political level
One notes:
? Weak policy of promotion of the organizations of the civil company
? Insufficiency D? political opening
? Development of the begging
? Absence of transparency

D. On the administrative level
One notes:
? Incompetence of the agents
? Voluntary heaviness and omissions
? Opacity of administrative management
? Absence of professional promotion
? Blocking of advances

E. On the legal level
One notes:
? Outdatedness of the texts of law
? Inapplication of the administrative texts
? Absence/ignorance of the law anticorruption
? Inefficiency and brittleness of the legal system
? Impunity of some corrupted

III. Effects of corruption
A. Demonstrations
the corruption appears in various forms: bribes, L? extortion, the traffic D? influence, the fraud, the pure and simple flight and the embezzlement. It can take the form D? purchase D? a judge or an inspector of the tax department, contour of the regulations, D? abuse the goods and the public monies, D? a protection for qu? an embezzlement is not denounced, in which case, one can then require favours of the protected person.
Corruption being gears, once qu? did a civil servant accept the bribes, it will be probably in L? impossibility of refusing to continue for fear the corrupters do not reveal at the great day its first embezzlement. Gradually, this civil servant will come from there to regard the corruption as something of normal and widespread. The material profits give him desire for still gaining more.
Constituting a torpor devastator, the corruption has effects on our social, economic, political life and on the management of the administrations.
B. Consequences compared to the durable development
D? now and already, the consequences of the corruption all are as varied as its causes and they affect the collective structures of the life determining consequently D? enormous mortgages of L? advanced L? humanity.
1. As regards do the social aspects
the corruption involve the imbalance of the social structures in the sense that the company is a sum of facts of which L? orientation and functionality determining collective survival and that all the acts posed are never without efforts on the structures likely to carry the life of the companies. NR? saving any social layer, it constitutes a social handicap. The authors of the acts of corruption bequeath these unfruitful practices which evolve/move with their downward close relations/. However, all that is made aujourd? today will be the photocopy of tomorrow. In short, the phenomenon of the corruption involves everyone towards a social disaster.
2. From does the economic point of view
First of all, it impoverish L? State puisqu? it makes bleed the cases of L? State because of the embezzlements and the reductions of the financial resources, the diversions and tax evasion. It blocks the economic growth like L? increase in the domestic debt and external.
3. On does the political level
the corruption make neither advance the democracy nor the rights of L? man which is the essential components of the good governorship. It threatens civil peace bus from now on the rights are negotiated near the leading authorities involving a political hypocrisy.
4. On the administrative level
L? inefficiency of the management of L? does public administration and private involve a dysfunction in L?? administration and a weakness of the institutions. Reason for which the corruption does have to pass by a permanent reform of L? administration of the public institutions.

Section II: On the corruption Any
strategy anticorruption fights starts with good information and the devices anticorruptions can vary considerably in their form and their width. Thus, to fight for example the corruption D? a share in a company, it would firstly be necessary to take measures on various plans; D? another share to lay down certain objectives to be reached and respect concretely.
I. Anticorruption measurements in a company
to limit the risks of corruption in a company, we must:
? to sensitize the personnel and management, like all the collaborators with the problem of the corruption and for its purposes
? to introduce the system of rotation of stations which can contribute to reduce the risk
? to take care of the transparency of the course of the commercial transactions
? to remunerate the collaborators correctly and to sensitize them to become aware of their responsibility and with L? to assume with full knowledge of the facts.

II. General measures anticorruption

? For L? State
? D is needed? access an engagement on the most level passing by the constitution of the high level management committees associating the government, the judicial power, the civil company, L? industry, L? economy to adopt a total strategy and the formation of the working groups on the points of transparency and financial control, of the information obtained within the framework of these activities will have to be diffused in the media and the civil company as far as possible. So the civil company S? engages in a permanent debate of the corruption, as of the schooling and L? to imply in progress of fight C? be-with-statement that the well the civil company is developed, the more numerous people will be with being able to make await their voice and influence the governments.
? It is also necessary to simplify the administrative regulations and procedures since those open possibilities D? to accept bribes.
? It is necessary to make check the public expenditure, collections D? public money and markets, either by a body of independent control or when that does appear necessary for the safety of L? State.
? L should finally be cleansed? jurisdictional authority as a whole and to democratize the administrative structures of L? State C? are be-with-statement what their managements based on the respect of the rights of L? man and of his dignity.

? For the civil company
? to create local bodies and private structures for a greater effectiveness of fight against this plague.
? to call the Parliament with better functioning puisqu? they (members of Parliament) constitute the elected officials of the people.
? to publicly denounce the corrupted ones without fear but with proof.

Does CONCLUSION
Beyond the multiplicity of the forms and the practices of the corruption and the multiple effects as for its eradication, one admit qu? it N? L is not possible? éradiquer nor to encircle it and that L? one can aim to control it and limit the negative effects of them. Thus to say that L? one can erase the corruption of his existence

November 5, 2008 | 6:24 PM Comments  0 comments

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Jeunesse et fléaux sociaux : SIDA
Related to country: Togo

Translations available in: French (original) | Spanish | Italian | German | Portuguese | English | Swedish | Russian | Dutch | Arabic

Social youth and plagues: AIDS
Automatically translated into English thanks to WorldLingo
In the whole world, the young people nowadays constitute one of the groups most exposed to the pandemia of the AIDS. Is these young people have seen their relative dying and are obliged of S? to occupy their brothers and S? the USSR; maybe from their behavior run the risk to contract the virus. It is estimated at more than 14 million old people of less than 15 years which are orphan and 2,2 million is infected within this group. Among the young people of the section D? age from 15 to 24 years, L? ONUSIDA estimates that more than 2,8 million are infected and 6000 contract the virus per day. How to thus understand that all these young people, changings of tomorrow, are exposed to the disease of the virus?
Discovered in the years 1980, the virus of the AIDS S? is quickly widespread in many countries with a rate D? incidence more marked at the young people and teenagers. Thus since the beginning of L? did epidemic of AIDS, stigmatization and discrimination feed the transmission of the HIV and largely worsened the negative repercussions of L? epidemic. Stigmatization is described as a dynamic process of devaluation which systematically discredits an individual with the eyes of the others. Associated the AIDS, it is caused by all kinds of factors in particular a bad comprehension of the disease, the myths concerning the transmission of the HIV, L? insufficiency of L? access to the treatment, the fact that the AIDS is an incurable disease, as well as the prejudices and fears related to a certain number of significant questions D? social order like sexuality, the illness and death. Is discrimination its direct application or its consequence and conduit with the violation of the rights of L? man.
In L? ideal, each one should freely be able to solicit and receive the council and the test volunteers and confidential to know his statute HIV without fearing the repercussions of them. Thus the young people whose test HIV is negative must profit from council on the prevention in order to be able to remain negative. Those whose test HIV is positive, must be treated and taken of load in order to receive councils on the prevention in order to protect the others and to protect themselves D? a réinfection. They must be able to openly live in order to receive compassion and support within their communities. Their example D? opening gives to the others a perception of the risk.

December 20, 2007 | 3:18 PM Comments  0 comments

Tags:


Jeunesse et fléaux sociaux : SIDA
Related to country: Togo

Translations available in: French (original) | Spanish | Italian | German | Portuguese | English | Swedish | Russian | Dutch | Arabic

Social youth and plagues: AIDS
Automatically translated into English thanks to WorldLingo
In the whole world, the young people nowadays constitute one of the groups most exposed to the pandemia of the AIDS. Is these young people have seen their relative dying and are obliged of S? to occupy their brothers and S? the USSR; maybe from their behavior run the risk to contract the virus. It is estimated at more than 14 million old people of less than 15 years which are orphan and 2,2 million is infected within this group. Among the young people of the section D? age from 15 to 24 years, L? ONUSIDA estimates that more than 2,8 million are infected and 6000 contract the virus per day. How to thus understand that all these young people, changings of tomorrow, are exposed to the disease of the virus?
Discovered in the years 1980, the virus of the AIDS S? is quickly widespread in many countries with a rate D? incidence more marked at the young people and teenagers. Thus since the beginning of L? did epidemic of AIDS, stigmatization and discrimination feed the transmission of the HIV and largely worsened the negative repercussions of L? epidemic. Stigmatization is described as a dynamic process of devaluation which systematically discredits an individual with the eyes of the others. Associated the AIDS, it is caused by all kinds of factors in particular a bad comprehension of the disease, the myths concerning the transmission of the HIV, L? insufficiency of L? access to the treatment, the fact that the AIDS is an incurable disease, as well as the prejudices and fears related to a certain number of significant questions D? social order like sexuality, the illness and death. Is discrimination its direct application or its consequence and conduit with the violation of the rights of L? man.
In L? ideal, each one should freely be able to solicit and receive the council and the test volunteers and confidential to know his statute HIV without fearing the repercussions of them. Thus the young people whose test HIV is negative must profit from council on the prevention in order to be able to remain negative. Those whose test HIV is positive, must be treated and taken of load in order to receive councils on the prevention in order to protect the others and to protect themselves D? a réinfection. They must be able to openly live in order to receive compassion and support within their communities. Their example D? opening gives to the others a perception of the risk.


December 20, 2007 | 3:18 PM Comments  0 comments

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